What topics are covered on Page 3 of GATE 2026 Electronics and Communication Engineering?

Page 3 contains Questions 27 to 39. Topics include Boolean-function minimization, electromagnetic-wave polarization, dielectric loss, rectangular waveguides, S-parameters, Smith charts, Zener diodes, p-n junctions, LEDs, semiconductor diffusion current and Engineering Mathematics involving differential equations, surface normals and matrices.

Which EMFT and microwave topics are asked in GATE 2026 ECE Page 3?

The page contains questions on electromagnetic-wave polarization, dielectric loss tangent, dominant TE10 rectangular-waveguide cutoff frequency, passive two-port S-parameters and impedance transformation using a Smith chart.

What is the dominant current-transport mechanism in a Zener diode breakdown region?

For a Zener diode operating in the Zener breakdown region, the characteristic carrier transport mechanism tested in the question is quantum-mechanical tunneling.

Which semiconductor-device topics appear in GATE 2026 ECE Page 3?

Semiconductor questions cover Zener breakdown, quasi-Fermi levels in a forward-biased p-n junction, LED emission wavelength from bandgap energy and electron diffusion current caused by a carrier-concentration gradient.

Which Engineering Mathematics topics occur on Page 3?

The final questions on Page 3 include a matrix differential equation, determining a unit normal to a surface and conditions involving the determinant of a three-by-three matrix.

Electronics and Communication Gate 2026 Questions with Answer

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Ques 27 GATE 2026

Consider the four-variable Boolean function,
f(w,x,y,z) = Σm(0,2,5,7,8,10,13,14,15) with ‘w’ as MSB and ‘z’ as LSB.
Which of the following expressions is/are the valid form(s) of f(w,x,y,z)?

x̄z̄ + xz + wxy

xz + wxy + wx̄z̄ + w̄xyz̄

x̄z̄ + wxy + wx̄z̄ + w̄xyz̄

x̄z̄ + xz + wyz̄

() is the correct answer.

Ques 28 GATE 2026

The electric field of a monochromatic plane wave travelling in a lossless isotropic and homogenous medium is given by
E(z,t) = E₀[x̂cos(ωt − kz) + ŷsin(ωt − kz)]
in a right-handed orthogonal co-ordinate system.
Which of the following is the correct polarization of the electromagnetic wave?

Right-handed circularly polarized

Left-handed circularly polarized

Linearly polarized

Linearly polarized with −45° angle to x̂

() is the correct answer.

Ques 29 GATE 2026

Which option(s) represents/ represent the dielectric loss tangent of a substrate?

Ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the total displacement current

(ωε′′ + σ)/(ωε′)

Ratio of the electric susceptibility to permittivity

Ratio of the polarization vector P to the displacement vector D

() is the correct answer.

Ques 30 GATE 2026

The cutoff frequency (in GHz) for the dominant TE₁₀ mode of an air-filled rectangular waveguide of inner dimension 0.28 inch × 0.14 inch is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places).

() is the correct answer.

Ques 31 GATE 2026

For a lossless passive two-port network, |S₁₁| and |S₂₁| intersect at –3 dB.
For a lossy passive two-port network, |S₁₁| and |S₂₁| intersect at – 4 dB.
The percentage of power dissipated in the lossy network at the intersection frequency is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

() is the correct answer.

Ques 32 GATE 2026

A complex load (in Ω) is represented as Γ_L = 0.5∠30° on the Smith chart.
A co-axial cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω is connected to the load.
The new input impedance of the load now moves to a diametrically opposite point on the same Γ circle on the Smith chart.
Which option is the nearest input impedance of the cable connected load (in Ω)?

20.7 − j5.1

17.7 − j11.8

97.5 − j65.0

97.5 + j65.0

() is the correct answer.

Ques 33 GATE 2026

Consider carrier transport in a Zener diode in the breakdown region.
Which is the dominant transport mechanism for current flow in this case?

Drift

Diffusion

Tunneling

Ballistic transport

() is the correct answer.

Ques 34 GATE 2026

Consider a p-n junction diode when it is forward biased with 2 V.
Which of the following is/are the correct magnitude(s) of the energy difference between quasi Fermi-levels, E_fn in the n-side and E_fp in the p-side?

2 eV

1 eV

2 V

1 V

() is the correct answer.

Ques 35 GATE 2026

Consider an LED based on a direct bandgap semiconductor material with energy bandgap 1.3 eV.
Given: Plank’s constant, h = 6.63 × 10⁻³⁴ J s and speed of light in free space is 3 × 10⁸ m s⁻¹.
In which of the following wavelength ranges the LED will NOT emit?

1410 ± 20 nm

1090 ± 20 nm

950 ± 20 nm

510 ± 20 nm

() is the correct answer.

Ques 36 GATE 2026

Consider that the concentration of electrons in a semiconductor bar varies linearly from 2 × 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ at x = 1 μm to 1 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻³ at x = 4 μm along the x-direction. Assume that the concentration of electrons is not varying along other directions (that is along y- and z-directions).
[Given: the mobility of electron is 1400 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹, thermal voltage is 25 mV and electronic charge is 1.6× 10⁻¹⁹ Coulomb.]
The density of electron diffusion current (in A/mm²) is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

() is the correct answer.

Ques 37 GATE 2026

Consider the differential equation ẇ = Aw, with w(t = 0) = [1, 1]^T.
If w(t) = e^tu_x + e^-2tu_y be the solution to the equation where u_x and u_y are unit vectors along the positive x and y axes respectively, then which of the following options is the correct matrix representing A?

[1 0; 0 -2]

[-1 0; 0 2]

[0 -2; 1 0]

[0 2; -1 0]

() is the correct answer.

Ques 38 GATE 2026

A surface is given by z² = 2x² - y² and n and -n are unit normal vectors to the surface at the point P = i + √2 k.
Which of the following vectors can be n, where i, j and k are the unit vectors along x, y and z axes, respectively?

i - √2 k

(2/3)i - (1/3)k

√2i - √3 k

(√2i - k)/√3

() is the correct answer.

Ques 39 GATE 2026

Consider the matrix M = [2 1 1; 1 3 0; −1 a b].
Which of the following options is/are TRUE if det(M) ≠ 0?

a = −1/2 and b = −1/2

a = 1/2 and b = 1/2

a = −3 and b = 0

a = 1/2 and b = −3

() is the correct answer.

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