What topics are covered on Page 1 of GATE 2026 Electronics and Communication Engineering?

Page 1 contains Questions 1 to 13. Topics include ideal operational amplifiers, BJT biasing and Early effect, MOSFET circuits, diode circuits, Friis transmission equation, Nyquist bandwidth, 16-QAM, coherent QPSK bit error rate and Shannon channel capacity.

What is the closed-loop gain in the GATE 2026 ECE op-amp question?

For the ideal operational amplifier circuit with R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = 50 kΩ, the magnitude of the closed-loop gain is 2.00.

What is the maximum output voltage in the GATE 2026 ideal diode circuit?

For the ideal diode circuit in Question 8, the maximum output voltage is 4.00 V.

What minimum bandwidth is required for the 16-QAM system in GATE 2026 ECE?

For the 16-QAM communication system carrying 4 × 10^6 information bits per second, the minimum transmission bandwidth specified in the question is 2.00 MHz.

Which communication topics appear in GATE 2026 ECE Page 1?

Communication topics include antenna transmission using the Friis equation, Nyquist bandwidth, 16-QAM transmission bandwidth, coherent QPSK bit error probability and Shannon channel capacity.

Electronics and Communication Gate 2026 Questions with Answer

1 2 3 4 5

Ques 1 GATE 2026

The ideal OP-AMP circuit shown in the Figure produces output voltage V_o = x when the Switch, S, is open.
Which of the options represents the output voltage when S is closed?

(2/3)x

(3/4)x

(1/2)x

() is the correct answer.

Ques 2 GATE 2026

Consider the circuit shown in the Figure with V_i = 3 V and V_CC = 12 V.
Assume V_BE = 0.7 V and β_dc = 99 for the BJT.
Which of the following options is the correct value of the current I_o?

60 μA

6 μA

3 μA

30 μA

() is the correct answer.

Ques 3 GATE 2026

Figure shows the output characteristics of two different Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJT), BJT 1 with magnitude of Early voltage |V_A1|, and BJT 2 with magnitude of Early voltage |V_A2|.

Which of the following options is/are correct regarding the Early voltages?

|V_A1| > |V_A2|

|V_A1| is infinitely large

|V_A1| < |V_A2|

|V_A2| is finite

() is the correct answer.

Ques 4 GATE 2026

A small signal source, V_i(t) = A cos(10⁵t) + B sin(10⁷t) is applied to a BJT circuit as shown in the Figure.
Assume zero source resistance, V_BE = 0.7 V, β_dc = 99, Early voltage = 100 V and Thermal voltage = 25 mV. Effect of internal parasitic capacitances of the BJT may be neglected.
Which expression is the best approximation of the output voltage V_o(t)?

−9.1[A cos(10⁵t) + B sin(10⁷t)]

9.1[A cos(10⁵t) − B sin(10⁷t)]

−190.4[A cos(10⁵t) + B sin(10⁷t)]

190.4[A cos(10⁵t) − B sin(10⁷t)]

() is the correct answer.

Ques 5 GATE 2026

A circuit using an ideal OP-AMP is shown in the Figure.
Which of the following options gives the correct value of the current I_X?

2.0 mA

1.5 mA

3.0 mA

0 mA

() is the correct answer.

Ques 6 GATE 2026

An n-channel MOSFET is connected as shown in the Figure.
Assume V_TH = 1 V, V_DD = 5 V, and μC_ox(W/L) = 2 mA V⁻² and neglect channel length modulation effects.
The gate voltage (V_G) of the n-channel MOSFET (in Volt) is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

() is the correct answer.

Ques 7 GATE 2026

Consider an ideal OP-AMP circuit as shown in the Figure.
The resistances R₁ = R₂ = R₃ = R₄ = 50 kΩ.
The magnitude of the closed loop gain is ___.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

(2.00) is the correct answer.

Ques 8 GATE 2026

Consider the ideal diodes D1 and D2 as shown in the Figure with cut-in voltage V_γ = 0 Volt and v_i(t) is in Volt.
The maximum voltage (Volt) of the output v_o(t) is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

(4.00) is the correct answer.

Ques 9 GATE 2026

Consider the Friis’ transmission equation P_R = (P_TG_TG_Rλ²)/(4πD)², where P_R and P_T are the received and the transmitted powers, respectively.
G_T and G_R are the gain of transmitting and receiving antennas, respectively, D is the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas, and λ is the wavelength in free space.
Given: G_T = G_R = 1.0, λ = 0.30 m and P_T = +10 dBm.
Choose the distance (D), in km, from the following options at which the received power, P_R = −90 dBm?

15/4π

15/2π

75/2π

3/4π

() is the correct answer.

Ques 10 GATE 2026

Consider a discrete memoryless source with an alphabet of four source symbols.
s(t) is a multi-level (-1, 0, +1, +2) signal representing a long sequence of random symbols from the above source which is generating 10⁴ symbols per second.
Which of the following options is the correct value of equivalent Nyquist bandwidth of s(t)?

10 kHz

64 kHz

5 kHz

20 kHz

() is the correct answer.

Ques 11 GATE 2026

A wireless digital transmission scheme is using 16-QAM over an additive white Gaussian noise channel and a maximum-likelihood receiver. Consider the information bit rate from source to be 4 × 10⁶ bits per second.
The minimum transmission bandwidth (in MHz) of the modulated signal necessary for optimum recovery of information at the receiver is __.
(rounded off to two decimal places)

(2.00) is the correct answer.

Ques 12 GATE 2026

A QPSK modulated signal from an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is received with an E_b/N_o = 8.4 dB at the input of a coherent QPSK demodulator. A maximum-likelihood reception method is used in the demodulator.
Assume the complimentary error function erfc(u) ≅ [1/(u√π)]exp(−u²).
Which is the nearest bit error rate (BER) at the output of the demodulator?

10^-3

10^-4

10^-5

10^-6

() is the correct answer.

Ques 13 GATE 2026

Let the relevant bandwidth (B) of a digital communication system be 1 MHz and kT = −174 dBm/Hz, where k is Boltzmann’s constant and ‘T’ is equivalent noise temperature of the receiver. The power (S) of signal received through an additive Gaussian channel is −80 dBm.
Which of the following options is/are TRUE about Shannon capacity (C) of the channel?

C = B

C = 2B

C > 3B

C < B

() is the correct answer.

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