Biomedical Eng. Gate Yearwise 


Biomedical Engineering Gate 2021 Questions with Answer

Ques 1 GATE 2021

As shown in the figure, the water contact angles of surfaces A and B are θA and θB, respectively. Based on the figure, which of the following statements given below is TRUE?

A

Surface A is hydrophilic and surface B is hydrophobic

B

Surface A is hydrophobic and surface B is hydrophilic

C

Both surfaces are hydrophilic

D

Both surfaces are hydrophobic


(a) is the correct answer.

Ques 2 GATE 2021

Which of the following is a bone resorbing cell?

A

Osteoblasts

B

Osteoclasts

C

Osteocytes

D

Osteocalcin


(b) is the correct answer.

Ques 3 GATE 2021

Which of the following may cause failure of bone implants?

A

Stress shielding - reduction of bone density due to removal of a typical stress from bone by an implant

B

Aseptic loosening - loss of bond between bone and implant in the absence of an infection

C

Fretting fatigue - progressive deterioration of material by small scale rubbing

D

Osseointegration - formation of a direct interface between an implant and a bone, without intervening soft tissues


(a, b, c) is the correct answer.

Ques 4 GATE 2021

A polymeric scaffold has been developed for cartilage tissue engineering. To understand the biodegradability of the material, this polymeric scaffold with a dry weight of 20 mg is kept in a lysozyme solution for 7 days. At the end of 7 days, the scaffold is freeze-dried, and the dry weight is measured to be 18 mg. The degradation of the polymeric scaffold after 7 days is _______ %.


(10 to 10) is the correct answer.

Ques 5 GATE 2021

A novel biomaterial was tested for its tensile properties. The experiment was conducted using a cylindrical sample of this material, which was 10 cm long with 1 cm diameter. When a tensile force of 50 kN was applied, this cylindrical sample elongated by 4 mm. Based on the experimental results described above and the tensile moduli of different tissues given in the table below, this biomaterial would be a suitable replacement for _______.

A

Bone

B

Tendon

C

Ligament

D

Articular cartilage


(a) is the correct answer.

Ques 6 GATE 2021

While comparing parallel fiber and pinnate muscles of a given volume, which of the following statements are TRUE?

A

Pinnate muscles provide more muscle force

B

Parallel fiber muscles provide more muscle force

C

Pinnate muscles facilitate better muscle shortening

D

Parallel fiber muscles facilitate better muscle shortening


(a, d) is the correct answer.

Ques 7 GATE 2021

A PZT crystal of thickness 1 mm and wave velocity 4000 m/s is emitting a longitudinal pressure wave, which is incident on a blood vessel at an angle of 30°. The doppler shift in the ultrasound wave for a blood flow of 10 cm/s and wave velocity in the soft tissue of 1540 m/s is _______ Hz.


(222 to 228) is the correct answer.

Ques 8 GATE 2021

Which of the following statements are CORRECT in the context of planar X-ray imaging?

A

Using fast X-ray screen improves spatial resolution

B

Using fast X-ray screen worsens spatial resolution

C

Decreasing tube current decreases signal to noise ratio

D

Decreasing tube current increases signal to noise ratio


(b, c) is the correct answer.

Ques 9 GATE 2021

A longitudinal pressure wave travelling inside a muscle tissue is incident at an angle of 60° at the interface between the muscle and kidney. Let the wave impedance be Zmuscle = 1.70 × 10⁵ g cm⁻² s⁻¹, Zkidney = 1.62 × 10⁵ g cm⁻² s⁻¹ and wave velocities in muscle and kidney tissues be 1590 and 1560 m/s respectively. The transducer centre frequency is 1.5 MHz. The pressure wave propagation angle in the kidney tissue and intensity transmission coefficient at the tissue interface are _______ degrees (rounded off to the nearest integer) and _______ (rounded off to two decimal places), respectively.

A

58, 0.24

B

30, 0.68

C

58, 0.94

D

30, 0.99


(c) is the correct answer.

Ques 10 GATE 2021

An inexperienced clinician was measuring the cardiac output of a healthy human by thermodilution technique. A 2.0 mL of cold saline solution of volume (Vi) at 7 °C was injected at the entrance of the right atrium. The change in blood temperature (∫0t1ΔTbdt) at the pulmonary artery was measured to be -20 Kelvin. second. The cardiac output F was calculated using the following formula
F = Q/(ρbcb∫0t1ΔTbdt)
where Q is the heat content of injectate in Joules, given by ViΔTiρici and ΔTi is the temperature difference between the injectate and blood. It was assumed that the density of blood (ρb in kg/m³) and the specific heat capacity of blood (cb in J/(kg.K)) were respectively equal to that of the injectate ρi and ci.
The clinician realized that there was an error in the measurement of F. Which of the following is TRUE?

A

Cardiac output is too low because the cold saline volume was too small

B

Cardiac output is too low because ∫0t1ΔTbdt is too large

C

Cardiac output is too high because the cold saline volume was too large

D

Cardiac output is too high because ∫0t1ΔTbdt is too small


(a, b) is the correct answer.

Ques 11 GATE 2021

A pacemaker was implanted in a cardiac patient. It has a battery of 2.4 A.h (Ampere.hour). It is designed to deliver a rectangular pulse of amplitude 1.5 V for 1 ms ON time for every one second. The electrode - heart resistance is 150 Ω. Assuming the current drained from the battery is negligible, the lifetime of the pacemaker is _______ years. (rounded off to the nearest integer)


(27 to 28) is the correct answer.

Ques 12 GATE 2021

A radiographic system is using X-ray tube operating at 80 kVp. In order to filter the low energy X-rays, an aluminum (Al) filter of 2.5 mm thickness is used. The Al filter is replaced with a copper (Cu) filter to have the same energy filtered. The mass attenuation coefficients of Al and Cu at 80 kVp are 0.02015 m²/kg and 0.07519 m²/kg, respectively. The densities of Al and Cu are 2699 kg/m³ and 8960 kg/m³ respectively. The thickness of the new Cu filter is _______ mm. (rounded off to two decimal places)


(0.15 to 0.25) is the correct answer.

Ques 13 GATE 2021

The pH of blood in a healthy human is precisely in the range of _______.

A

7.10 - 8.10

B

6.95 - 7.05

C

7.15 - 7.20

D

7.35 - 7.45


(d) is the correct answer.

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