In casting, for a simple vertical gating system with a gate of cross-sectional area 2 cm2 and spruce height of 10 cm, the filling time for a mould of dimensions...

Compared to top gating, the effect(s) of bottom gating in sand mold casting is/are _______.

In green sand moulding, the casting defect resulting from the displacement of mould cavity by an oversized core is known as _______.