Computer Sciences > GATE 2026 SET-2 > Computer Networks
Consider a new TCP connection between a sender and a receiver. The receiver
advertised window is constant at 48 KB, the maximum segment size (MSS) is
2 KB, and the slow start threshold for TCP congestion control is 16 KB. Assume
that there are no timeouts or duplicate acknowledgements. The number of rounds
of transmission required for the congestion control algorithm of the TCP connection
to reach the congestion avoidance phase is ___________. (answer in integer)
Note: 1K=210
Correct : 4
The correct answer is 4
Given: Receiver window = 48 KB, MSS = 2 KB, ssthresh = 16 KB = 8 MSS. TCP starts with cwnd = 1 MSS = 2 KB and grows exponentially in slow start.
Round-by-round progression:
Round 1: cwnd = 1 MSS = 2 KB - Slow Start
Round 2: cwnd = 2 MSS = 4 KB - Slow Start
Round 3: cwnd = 4 MSS = 8 KB - Slow Start
Round 4: cwnd = 8 MSS = 16 KB - Slow Start ends; cwnd has reached ssthresh
Round 5: cwnd = 9 MSS = 18 KB - Congestion Avoidance begins here
The congestion avoidance phase is reached after 4 rounds of transmission. The receiver window of 48 KB is not a limiting factor since cwnd is well below it throughout.
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