Correct : c

The correct answer is Option C - Both (I) and (II) are correct.
Backpatching is a classic technique in compiler design used for intermediate code generation to handle forward jumps in a single pass. When a jump instruction is emitted and its target address isn''t known yet, the instruction is left incomplete and added to a list. Once the target becomes known, all instructions in that list are "backpatched" with the correct address.
Statement (I) - Boolean expressions in one pass: True. Boolean expressions like conditions in if-else involve conditional jumps. Backpatching uses truelist and falselist to track incomplete jumps and fills them in when targets are resolved - all in one pass.
Statement (II) - Flow-of-control statements in one pass: True. Statements like if, while, and for all involve forward jumps to addresses not yet known at the time of code generation. Backpatching handles these using nextlist and other lists, enabling one-pass generation of correct jump instructions.
Both statements are correct - backpatching is precisely the mechanism designed to solve both these problems in a single pass.