Computer Sciences > GATE 2025 SET-1 > Parsing
Which of the following statement(s) is/are TRUE while computing First and Follow during top down parsing by a compiler?
A
For a production A→ε, ε will be added to First.
B
If there is any input right end marker, it will be added to First(S), where S is the start symbol.
C
For a production A→ε, ε will be added to Follow(A).
D
If there is any input right end marker, it will be added to Follow(S), where S is the start symbol.

Correct : a

Statement A: For a production A→ε, ε will be added to First(A) — This is TRUE. The First set of a non-terminal A includes ε if A can derive the empty string directly.

Statement B: If there is any input right end marker, it will be added to First(S), where S is the start symbol — This is FALSE. The end marker ($) is never added to the First set of any symbol. First sets contain only terminals that can begin strings derived from that symbol.

Statement C: For a production A→ε, ε will be added to Follow(A) — This is FALSE. The fact that A can produce ε does not mean ε is added to Follow(A). Follow sets contain terminals that can appear immediately after a non-terminal, not ε itself.

Statement D: If there is any input right end marker, it will be added to Follow(S), where S is the start symbol — This is TRUE. The end marker ($) is always added to Follow(S) for the start symbol S, indicating the end of input.

✅ Final Answer: Statements A and D are TRUE.

Reason: First sets include ε for productions that derive empty strings, and Follow sets for the start symbol always include the end marker ($). However, end markers are never in First sets, and ε is never in Follow sets.

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