Computer Sciences > GATE 2025 SET-1 > TCP
Consider the 3-way handshaking protocol for TCP connection establishment. Let the three packets exchanged during the connection establishment be denoted as P1, P2, and P3, in order. Which of the following option(s) is/are TRUE with respect to TCP header flags that are set in the packets?
A
P3: SYN=1, ACK=1
B
P2: SYN=1, ACK=1
C
P2: SYN=0, ACK=1
D
P1: SYN=1

Correct : b,d

Explanation:
1. Understand the TCP 3-Way Handshake Process:
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uses a three-step process to establish a reliable connection between a client and a server:



Packet 1 (P1): Client to Server (Connection Request)
The client initiates the connection by sending a synchronization packet. Only the synchronization flag is active here.
    Flags: SYN = 1, ACK = 0 (Matches Statement d)

Packet 2 (P2): Server to Client (Connection Acknowledgment & Request)
The server receives the client's request, acknowledges it, and sends its own synchronization request back to the client simultaneously.
    Flags: SYN = 1, ACK = 1 (Matches Statement b, making Statement c false)

Packet 3 (P3): Client to Server (Final Acknowledgment)
The client receives the server's response and sends a final acknowledgment packet to confirm that the connection link is fully established.
    Flags: SYN = 0, ACK = 1 (Making Statement a false)

2. Conclusion:
Statements (b) and (d) accurately reflect the status of the structural flags set during the handshake sequence.

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