P: This fortuitous geological event generated a colossal amount of energy and heat that resulted in the rocks rising to an average height of 4 km across the contact zone.
Q: Thus, the geophysicists tend to think of the Himalayas as an active geological event rather than as a static geological feature.
R: The natural process of the cooling of this massive edifice absorbed large quantities of atmospheric carbon dioxide, altering the earth's atmosphere and making it better suited for life.
S: Many millennia ago, a breakaway chunk of Antarctic Plate collided with the massive Eurasian Plate.
Correct : d
To find the correct sequence, let us analyze the logical connections and structural transitions between the sentences:
• Sentence S introduces the primary historical action—a breakaway chunk of the Antarctic Plate colliding with the Eurasian Plate. This serves as the natural starting point for the passage.
• Sentence P opens with "This fortuitous geological event," which directly references the tectonic collision described in sentence S. It explains the immediate physical result of that collision (rocks rising to a height of 4 km). Therefore, P must follow S.
• Sentence R talks about "the cooling of this massive edifice." This phrase directly connects back to the hot, rising mountains described in sentence P. It details the long-term environmental consequences of the cooling process. Therefore, R must follow P.
• Sentence Q begins with the concluding transition word "Thus" and summarizes the modern scientific perspective derived from the preceding sequence of events (viewing the Himalayas as an active event rather than a static feature). This serves as the perfect concluding thought for the passage.
Combining these connections gives the logical flow: S → P → R → Q. This perfectly matches option (d).
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