Civil Engineering > GATE 2026 SET-1 > Pavement Design
In a bituminous mix, the percentage by weight of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, filler, and bituminous binder is 58, 25, 12, and 5, respectively. The corresponding specific gravity of these materials is 2.68, 2.45, 2.42, and 1.15. The bulk specific gravity of the mix is 2.2.
The Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB, in percentage) is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
The Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB, in percentage) is __________ (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Correct : 50%
Theoretical Maximum Specific Gravity (Gmm):
Gmm = 100 ÷ (58/2.68 + 25/2.45 + 12/2.42 + 5/1.15) = 100 ÷ 41.153 = 2.430
Air Voids (Va):
Va = (Gmm − Gmb)/Gmm × 100 = (2.430 − 2.2)/2.430 × 100 = 9.47%
Volume of Bitumen (Vb):
Vb = (Wb × Gmb)/(Gb × 100) × 100 = (5 × 2.2)/(1.15 × 100) × 100 = 9.57%
Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA):
Combined aggregate specific gravity Gs = 95/(58/2.68 + 25/2.45 + 12/2.42) = 95/36.805 = 2.582
VMA = 100 − (Gmb/Gs) × Ps = 100 − (2.2/2.582) × 95 = 19.06%
VFB:
VFB = Vb/VMA × 100 = 9.57/19.06 × 100 = 50%
Correct answer: approximately 50%
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